Elohim und JHWH – höchste Gottheit oder Engelwesen?
János Darvas Elohim and YHWH - supreme deity or angelic beings?"Then new horizons lure the mind's advance. /There comes no close to the finite's boundlessness,/ There is no last certitude in which thought can pause/ And no terminus to the soul's experience.”AurobindoThe questionThe question arises from Rudolf Steiner's presentations in which he uses words from the Hebrew Bible that seem to have a completely different meaning than those received in the Jewish tradition. Is the deity addressed as Elohim, or YHWH, the ultimate creator deity, or are they designations for hierarchical beings (in anthroposophical terms: Elohim => Exusiai => Spirits of Form) located at a certain medium level, which Rudolf Steiner disposes according to the ninefold Christian system of Dionysus Areopagita. Since there are other designations of God in the Torah and tradition (Jah, Ts'waot, Shaddai, El, Elyon, Adonai, Adon etc.) the further question arises as to whether these are angelic beings of whatever order. Or not. I will leave out these other names and concentrate on the two most important names Elohim and YHWH, (but mainly Elohim). I will list a few glosses below, disparate questions in no systematic order. I can’t either propose a definitive “solution” to these questions. By moving those topics in the space of free thinking, something – to say it in French – “se donne à penser de façon subtile”. Not an angelic hierarchyThe view that Elohim or YHWH belong to a hierarchical sub-genus of beings and do not denote the supreme deity speaks against this:• The conviction of the Jews that they are praying to the highest Creator God when they mention these names. (Possible objection: they may be wrong)• In the daily main prayer (Amida), God is addressed as El Eljon (Highest God) (Objection: it is perhaps only the relatively highest God, the one that Jewish knowledge, limited in the eye of of Christian supersessionism, can just reach). However, according to Jewish tradition, after Abraham's encounter with Melchizedek, the high priest of El Elyon, he also becomes a partaker of this deity. (From an anthroposophical, supersessionist point of view, Emil Bock does not attribute this to him; he had only become a bearer of a inferior reflection of the Highest through the sphere of the moon).• The sentence from the Passover Haggadah: He Himself brought us out of Egypt - He Himself, not a "malach" (angelic being).• The mystical-theosophical doctrine of the "Sarim" (Princes), which are folk spirits related to the planets that lead large groups of humanity. Every nation has a "Sar", but Israel, according to this tradition, does not; it is under the direct…